Application of information visualization design in the popularization of the knowledge of medical waste

With the continuous improvement of living standards, people pay more attention to the knowledge of medical health than before. The knowledge also brings the popularity and development of medical information. However, in the information age of today, tedious and redundant information floods people's lives make it impossible for people to quickly understand and grasp the content they need. Especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19, apart from the epidemic, the large amount of generated medical waste has become an issue of concern, but the current publicity of related knowledge is difficult to resonate with people. After collecting and reconstructing the knowledge about medical waste, a visual information hierarchy design is established to reflect the hierarchical relationships between different medical waste information intuitively and clearly through such a visual presentation. Thus, people better understand and learn them. At the same time, it helps people to put into action together for the disposal of medical waste and provide solutions for the visualization design of rapid and professional sorting and treatment of the increasing amount of medical waste. © 2023 Author(s).

Design in Health Data Communication: Infographics About COVID-19 in Rio Claro Municipality

COVID-19 brought to the public agenda the need for disseminating reliable information on the epidemiological scenario of the disease in various regions of the world. In Brazil, several managers took on the task of informing the local population about the progression of the pandemic in their municipalities. This study aimed to reflect on the construction/design of COVID-19 bulletins/infographics and the central importance of design in disseminating health information. To this end, we analysed 133 infographics on the disease numbers published on Instagram of the Municipal Health Foundation of Rio Claro, in the interior of São Paulo state in Brazil, between March 30 and July 31, 2020. The qualitative analysis from the multimodal perspective made it possible to identify that these were built in an iterative process, with changes over time to exclude or include information as the pandemic spread in the municipality. The infographics were analysed in three dimensions: format, colour and content. We concluded that their elaboration was based on basic design concepts concerning shape and colours. In the first five months, three versions were produced to refine the design and information until attaining a more consistent format for communicating the data of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023, Comunicacao e Sociedade. All Rights Reserved.

The information design of interactive press visualization in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: the case study of The New York Times newspaper

This article assesses the role played by the information design of the interactive visualization of the press in the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic, taking as a case study the newspaper The New York Times, a world reference in scientific journalism that has played a fundamental role as an informant on this health crisis. To do this, a content analysis method was integrated into different interactive journalistic visualizations (N=103) that the newspaper published from December 2019 (beginning of the pandemic) to December 2020 (beginning of the first acquisitions of vaccines), and were coded to determine, identify and examine detailed patterns in three axes of study: I) the informative approach;2) visual and multimedia resources;and 3) type of interaction. The results indicate that the design of interactive press information in the dissemination of the COVID 19 pandemic focuses mainly on data journalism through visualizations with non-figurative and hybrid graphical interfaces with access to geo-located databases that offer the possibility of exploring the visualization of data in an innovative way and in real time on the total number of contagion cases per day (hospitalized, percentage of bed occupancy and number of beds available in hospitals), cases per capita and deaths from coronavirus by state and counties in the United States, as well as other countries. These practices are associated with interoperability activities and globally linked data, which provide the opportunity to generate greater knowledge about the behavior of this pandemic in the world and allow more effective management of risks to human health. © 2022 Universidad Diego Portales. All rights reserved.

Instructions for COVID-19 self-tests What parts of the test are the most difficult to get right and how can information design help?

This paper summarises a cross-disciplinary project that explored ways of making instructions, funded as part of the UK COVID-19 rapid-response initiative. The project explored ways of making instructions for COVID-19 Lateral Flow Tests easy for lay people to use. Our method comprised rapid design decision making, where we used existing research, good practice in information design and consultation with diagnostic experts as part of the design process. Iterative review by a panel of users informed the development of prototype instructions: small studies investigated user preference for diagrams, and gathered feedback on the graphic articulation of the procedural steps involved in carrying out the test. © John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Optimal Typeface and Type Size on Thai Drug Labeling and Drug Documentation: A Recommendation for Legal Development

Background An earlier study by Punsongserm and Suvakunta (2022) investigated how using proper typefaces and type sizes on Thai drug packages and patient information leaflets affects reading times and participants' satisfaction. The study was an initial review of the use of Thai typefaces focusing on typeface classifications and type sizes. The study also conducted a pilot study with participants who read small sample text cards that varied by typeface and type size. To extend the results of the previous study, this current study is a set. Methods First, we conducted a literature review about guidelines and regulations governing typefaces and type sizes on drug labeling and drug documentation, followed by an investigation of word accuracy identification in reading Thai transliterated words on drug documentation. Later, we measured user preference in different typefaces and type sizes through user manuals of the SARSCoV-2 Antigen Test Kit (ATK) with and without wearing cataract-experiencing goggles. Results The conventional text typefaces with distinctive key letter features have a lower misreading in word accuracy. Also, the most satisfaction in the user preference test importantly indicate a user manual that provides a conventional text font with a larger type size. The international guidelines recommend a minimum type size of 6 points or 1.4 mm of x-height. In contrast, Thailand's national regulation suggests a minimum size between a Bo Baimai height of 1–2 mm for food labels and more than 2 mm for drug products. However, we recommend that a Thai type size may be 1.3–2 mm of Bo Baimai height for reading body text, and the type size for headlines and subheads should be more remarkable. The use of smaller type sizes needs a case-bycase evaluation basis based on legibility and readability. Conclusions The present study examines how using proper typefaces and type sizes on Thai drug packages, patient information leaflets, and medical products affects reading accuracy and participants' satisfaction. The study suggests that using illegible typeface and very small type size on many Thai drug packages, patient information leaflets, and medical products may be inappropriate and not serve a variety of readers. Therefore, the review and enforcement of the law should be considered in conjunction with developing guidelines and regulations based on user-centered care. © This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/bync/3.0/), which permits unrestricted educational and noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

QUARANTILES. Archiving expressive digital places from Instagram during the COVID-19 pandemic

During the spring of 2020, COVID-19 limited contact between people and prevented from meeting and aggregating in real places. Many had to stay at home, and others spent time in quarantine facilities. In this context, virtual aggregation has increased at the expense of in-person aggregation. Expressive geo-tagging, namely the practice of creating locations with fictitious names to express an emotional condition, became worthy of attention. Grounded on anecdotal evidence, fictitious digital locations on social media such as 'Quarantine' began to proliferate, which, despite not having a name that could be traced back to an existing place, still carried geo-referenced information with them. Starting from this concept, we present the book Quaran.tiles, an archive of 364 expressive digital places collected from Instagram in April 2020 and enriched with information from Google Street View, which aims to give space and dimension to the resulting collection of fictitious and mingling user-generated places. © 2022 IEEE.

Image resources and textual elements from the perspective of Information Design in the Coronavirus SUS application

The access and sharing of information have been constantly modified, due to the transformations of Information and Communication Technologies, which have provided a horizontal communication of different actors on the Web platform. In the recent case of the coronavirus pandemic, several countries carried out rapid and frequent communication around the world and, in some cases, developed their own digital informational environments. In Brazil, the Coronavirus SUS app was created in order to raise awareness of the Covid-19 disease. Thus, in order to understand how the interdisciplinarity between Information Design and Information Science proposes resources for the organization and presentation of information, in relation to image resources and textual elements, the objective of this article is to verify the contributions of such interdisciplinarity in the planning of information for sharing them in digital environments on the Web, focusing on the Coronavirus SUS application, based on the principles of Design and Information Design, according to Rowland (1993), Lipton (2007) and Pettersson (2010). The article is qualitative in nature and is based on the level of descriptive-exploratory research;the application's interfaces and functionalities were described and verified, according to the elements of verification of the Design and Information Design principles. The results showed the focus on a visual proposal, in which many aesthetic-formal principles of Design and Information Design were not contemplated, which interfered in the functionality and usefulness for the infocommunication process with informational subjects and communities of interest. It is considered that the interdisciplinarity between Information Design and Information Science establishes potentiating concepts for the organization and presentation of information, focusing on progressive improvements in the quality of access and sharing of information, translated into the post-custodial paradigm. © 2022, Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology. All rights reserved.

Information design and students’ assimilation after Covid-19

The learning strategies have changes after Covid-19. Online and self-learning method become the main axis of study. Information design is considered the important point in structuring studying materials. It illustrates data that has an objective and make it easier to understand. In addition, good information design help to capture the students’ attention which makes them spend longer time on studying without boredom. The aim of the study is to illustrating different tools and techniques that students can utilize within a classroom to promote successful assimilation of information design. The study examined 700 Saudi participants through Twitter and Facebook I 2021. The results reveal that the use of infographics to illustrate information on a graph, watching documentaries and videos promote better study results. Students intend to utilize Google to gather relevant data and information related to their field. The study contributes to educational experts to design affective, interactive and engagement methods in learning. The study provided large data to understand the approached that student prefer and intend to use during their study as well as the reasons behind that. © 2022, Social Medicine Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

User Perception and Eye Movement on A Pandemic Data Visualization Dashboard.

This study utilized a two-phase user experiment to explore people's perceptual and cognitive states interacting with the COVID-19 dashboard to obtain outbreak information. Specifically, 27 participants were assigned to interact with this dashboard with different color arrangements and performed image-memory, search, and browse visualization tasks sequentially. We found that the participants expected to obtain both global pandemic trends and single region/date statuses from the dashboard to help them grasp important information in the shortest possible time. They also allocated their attention differently to the dashboard's content areas to match their individual visual movement and reading logics. Our participants indicated that the pandemic data visualization dashboard should use a principal-color selection that is alarming but without causing panic. In the study's second phase, an eye-tracking experiment, it was found that the participants' actual eye paths deviated from our expectations: clustering around headings and text, rather than on visualized charts or graphs as anticipated. Based on these findings, we provide design implications for builders of future data-visualization and disaster dashboards.

EPROACH: A Population Vaccination Game for Strategic Information Design to Enable Responsible COVID Reopening

The COVID-19 lockdowns have created a significant socioeconomic impact on our society. In this paper, we propose a population vaccination game framework, called EPROACH, to design policies for reopenings that guarantee post-opening public health safety. In our framework, a population of players decides whether to vaccinate based on the public and private information they receive. The reopening is captured by the switching of the game state. The insights obtained from our framework include the appropriate vaccination coverage threshold for safe-reopening and information-based methods to incentivize individual vaccination decisions. In particular, our framework bridges the modeling of the strategic behaviors of the populations and the spreading of infectious diseases. This integration enables finding the threshold which guarantees a disease-free epidemic steady state under the population's Nash equilibrium vaccination decisions. The equilibrium vaccination decisions depend on the information received by the agents. It makes the steady-state epidemic severity controllable through information. We find that the externalities created by reopening lead to the coordination of the players in the population and result in a unique Nash equilibrium. We use numerical experiments to corroborate the results and illustrate the design of public information for responsible reopening. © 2022 American Automatic Control Council.

Remote videolink observation of model home sampling and home testing devices to simplify usability studies for point-of-care diagnostics [version 1;peer review: awaiting peer review]

Both home sample collection and home testing using rapid point-of-care diagnostic devices can offer benefits over attending a clinic/hospital to be tested by a healthcare professional. Usability is critical to ensure that in-home sampling or testing by untrained users does not compromise analytical performance. Usability studies can be laborious and rely on participants attending a research location or a researcher visiting homes;neither has been appropriate during COVID-19 outbreak control restrictions. We therefore developed a remote research usability methodology using videolink observation of home users. This avoids infection risks from home visits and ensures the participant follows the test protocol in their home environment. In this feasibility study, volunteers were provided with models of home blood testing and home blood sampling kits including a model lancet, sampling devices for dried blood spot collection, and model lateral flow device. After refining the study protocol through an initial pilot (n = 7), we compared instructions provided either as written instructions (n = 5), vs addition of video instructions (n = 5), vs written and video instructions plus videolink supervision by the researcher (n = 5). All users were observed via video call to define which test elements could be assessed remotely. All 22 participants in the study accessed the video call and configured their videolink allowing the researcher to clearly observe all testing tasks. The video call allowed the researcher to assess distinct errors during use including quantitative (volume of blood) and qualitative (inaccurate interpretation of results) errors many of which could compromise test accuracy. All participants completed the tasks and returned images of their completed tests (22/22) and most returned completed questionnaires (20/22). We suggest this remote observation via videolink methodology is a simple, rapid and powerful methodology to assess and optimise usability of point-of-care testing methods in the home setting.

COVIC: Collecting Visualizations of COVID-19 to Outline a Space of Possibilities

We describe the COVID-19 Online Visualization Collection (COVIC), its goals, how it came to be, and why we propose such a collection as a new path for design research. The COVIC database contains a collective visualization response to the COVID-19 pandemic gathered from approximately 3,000 articles, each containing one or more visualizations (about 12,000 in total). We have sought to create a resource for design research—a boundary object—that will be useful to any of the disciplines brought together through their response to the pandemic event. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Design Issues is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Perceptions about the design of informational materials used in the fght against COVID-19 in Portugal and Brazil

This study aimed to assess perceptions on the graphical informational materials designed to help in the fght against COVID-19 in Portugal and Brazil. We assessed the perceptions using an online survey incorporating the AttrakDiff2TM questionnaire. The results show that the perception of risk with relation to the COVID-19 pandemic is high among the respondents, and that they believe that they will have mild symptoms if infected by the virus. The results also show that the materials available in these countries were poorly designed and not effective in promoting adequate behaviour change. These fndings can contribute to future design projects whose aim is to design risk communication materials to inform and guide people facing health crisis situations. © 2021 John Benjamins Publishing Company.

A health literacy analysis of the consumer-oriented COVID-19 information produced by ten state health departments.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the public's need for quality health information that is understandable. This study aimed to identify (1) the extent to which COVID-19 messaging by state public health departments is understandable, actionable, and clear; (2) whether materials produced by public health departments are easily readable; (3) relationships between material type and understandability, actionability, clarity, and reading grade level; and (4) potential strategies to improve public health messaging around COVID-19. METHODS: Based on US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics from June 30, 2020, we identified the ten states with the most COVID-19 cases and selected forty-two materials (i.e., webpages, infographics, and videos) related to COVID-19 prevention according to predefined eligibility criteria. We applied three validated health literacy tools (i.e., Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, CDC Clear Communication Index, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level) to assess material understandability, actionability, clarity, and readability. We also analyzed correlations between scores on the three health literacy tools and material types. RESULTS: Overall, COVID-19 materials had high understandability and actionability but could be improved in terms of clarity and readability. Material type was significantly correlated with understandability, actionability, and clarity. Infographics and videos received higher scores on all tools. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we recommend public health entities apply a combination of these tools when developing health information materials to improve their understandability, actionability, and clarity. We also recommend using infographics and videos when possible, taking a human-centered approach to information design, and providing multiple modes and platforms for information delivery.

An imperfect test for a virus can Be worse than No test at all.

This note studies the effect of the availability of a test for a virus on the public health of a population. It is shown by example that the existence of a freely available and moderately informative test for a virus may lower society's welfare in comparison to the case where no test exists or access to the test is restricted. In this setting, any test provided to any subset of agents who would find it optimal not to isolate absent the test improves welfare.